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1.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135671

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Almost round-the-year occurrence of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A has been noticed in Rourkela since last 13 and five years respectively. The incidence of infection along with the antibiogram of these two serotypes in this area were carried out. Methods: The study was carried out at Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, India, between January 2005 and December 2008 with 5340 blood samples collected from patients with suspected enteric fever and pyrexia of unknown origin. Isolation, identification and antibiogram of the causative organisms were performed according to standard bacteriological procedures. Results: A total of 298 Salmonella isolates showed an overall per cent positivity of 5.58. Multidrug resistance was found in 11.96 per cent and 15.62 per cent isolates of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A respectively. Less than 2 per cent isolates of Salmonella showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. A resistance of 3.0 to 6.25 per cent against third generation cephalosporins was observed among the salmonella isolates. Interpretation & conclusion: A round-the-year occurrence of Salmonella spp. in Rourkela might have been due to the presence of a considerable number of carriers in the locality, poor sanitation in nearby slum areas, and inadequate and contaminated community water supply at times. Higher degree of susceptibility among S. Typhi isolates against various antibiotics was encouraging, but increasing trend of resistance observed among S. Paratyphi A isolates was a matter of concern.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Community-Acquired Infections , Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects , Fever/drug therapy , Fever/epidemiology , Fever/microbiology , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy , Paratyphoid Fever/epidemiology , Paratyphoid Fever/microbiology , Salmonella paratyphi A/drug effects , Salmonella paratyphi A/isolation & purification , Salmonella paratyphi A/metabolism , Salmonella typhi/drug effects , Salmonella typhi/isolation & purification , Salmonella typhi/metabolism , Sanitation , Typhoid Fever/drug therapy , Typhoid Fever/epidemiology , Typhoid Fever/microbiology , Water Pollutants
3.
JSP-Journal of Surgery Pakistan International. 2006; 11 (3): 97-99
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-78772

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi to different drugs in a tertiary care hospital at Karachi. Descriptive study. Clinical pathology laboratory of National Institute of Child Health, Karachi from May 2004 to June 2005. Eighty isolates of Salmonella typhi grown from blood cultures were included in the study. These isolates were identified by routine culture technique and later confirmed by slide agglutination method. Sensitivity for the following antibiotics ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin ceftriaxone and cefixime was measured by Kirby Baur method. The isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin 52.5%, chloramphenicol 45%, cotrimoxazole 57.5%, ciprofloxacin 48.75%, ceftriaxone and cefixime 0%. Among 80 isolates, 38 [47.5%] were sensitive to first line of drugs, out of which, 11[28.94%] were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Among 80 isolates, 42 [52.5%] were resistant to first line of drugs. Out of 42 MDRS, 29[69.04%] were resistant to ciprofloxacin. It may be concluded that the trend of resistant strains of Salmonella typhi against newer drugs has reached to an alarming situation. Instead of waiting for newer drugs to come into market, we should use with care what we already have


Subject(s)
Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy
4.
Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations. 2000; 2 (4): 83-87
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-54137

ABSTRACT

to study the resistance patterns and in vitro activity of cefotaxime and 6 other antibiotics in 172 clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. Material and 172 isolates of Salmonella spp. recovered from blood, stool, or urine specimens were submitted to sensitivity studies. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. apart from gentamicin [resistance rate = 10.26%], cefotaxime was the most effective drug against Salmonella isolates with a resistance rate of 12.79%. The highest rate of drug resistance was encountered for chloramphenicol [51.16%], followed by tetracycline [48.78%], and amoxicillin [43.02%]. The predominant sensitivity pattern was Amp[s] Amox[s] Chlor[s] CTX[s] [37.2%]. Only 6 of the 172 isolates were resistant to 4 drugs viz. Amp[r] Amox[r] Chlor[r] CTX[r]. solitary resistance to cefotaxime alone was observed in two cases only. 1.2%. the changing pattern in the Salmonella antibiogram is seen in this in vitro study; cefotaxime might serve as first therapy. The need for clinical studies is reemphasized


Subject(s)
Cefotaxime , Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Drug Resistance, Microbial
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 12(4): 223-5, 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-174968

ABSTRACT

Un recién nacido, hijo de una madre infectada con salmonella paratyphi B, evoluciona en el período neonatal inmediato, con una sepsis por salmonella paratyphi B. El contagio ocurre en el período intrauterino. La sepsis se confirma con hemocultivos (+) en la madre y el hijo al mismo germen


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Bacteremia/congenital , Paratyphoid Fever/diagnosis , Salmonella paratyphi A/pathogenicity , Ampicillin/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacteremia/etiology , Clinical Evolution , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy , Paratyphoid Fever/etiology , Salmonella paratyphi A/drug effects , Salmonella paratyphi A/isolation & purification , Hematologic Tests
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-91418

ABSTRACT

A short course of ciprofloxacin, 750 mgm b.i.d. for 7 days was found to be effective in the treatment of enteric fever in 21 hospitalized patients with S.typhi (18) and S.paratyphi A(3). Median time for fever response was 3 days. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (MIC 0.0078-0.062 mcgm/ml). The mean serum peak and trough levels were 5.4 and 1.6 mcgm/ml respectively. Stool cultures were free of Salmonellae on follow up (11-24 weeks). Two developed recurrence of paratyphoid fever, 17 days and 4 months after therapy.


Subject(s)
Adult , Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Male , Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy , Recurrence , Salmonella paratyphi A/isolation & purification , Time Factors , Typhoid Fever/drug therapy
7.
Zagazig Medical Association Journal. 1992; 5 (4): 257-263
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-26779

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted on 30 patients diagnosed as enterica by isolation of salmonella organism from blood and/or bone marrow cultures. The received ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice daily for one week, the cure rate was 96.7%, no carrier slate or relapse was encountered with minimal adverse effects. Another 20 patients diagnosed as enterica treated with chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg body weight orally for 2 weeks, the cure rate was 95%, 15% of patients become convalescent carriers and 5% showed relapse. One week treatment with ciprofloxacin is superior to 2 weeks treatment with chloramphenicol in the treatment of enterica in Egypt


Subject(s)
Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy , Chloramphenicol , Ciprofloxacin
9.
s.l; UPCH. Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado; 1991. 45 p. tab. (PE-4090-4090a).
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-107426

ABSTRACT

El presente es un estudio retrospectivo de 107 pacientes con fiebre partífica internados en el Centro Médico Naval del Callao, diagnósticados en el 90.7 por ciento de los casos por hemocultivo, que resultó positivo a S. paratyphi a en el 95.3 por ciento. Se encontró que el 88.35 por ciento de las viviendas de los pacientes son de material noble, con servicios de agua, desague y luz; el 16.5 por ciento de los pacientes fueron oficiales de la Marina (Plana Mayor). El 51.5 por ciento de los pacientes presentó el antecedente de alimentarse en la calle. La población mayormente afectada es la adulta joven, correspondiendo el 76.7 por ciento de los casos entre los 15 a 35 años de edad. La enfermedad se presenta como un cuadro agudo de grado leve a moderado, con un tiempo de enfermedad al ingreso promedio 8.2 días; con fiebre en 100 por ciento de los casos, malestar general 93.5 por ciento, cefalea 83.2 por ciento e hiporexia 80.4 por ciento. Los síntomas de diarrea, estreñimiento, náuseas, se presentaron en aproximadamente un tercio de casos. Al examen clínico se presentó fiebre en 86.1 por ciento de casos, con disociación pulso/temperatura en 12.9 por ciento. Compromiso del sensorio se encontró en el 7.5 por ciento de pacientes; hepatomegalia en el 44.9 por ciento y esplenomegalia en el 36.5 por ciento. Sensibilidad abdominal se halló en 38.3 por ciento de pacientes y borborigmos en FID en el 19.6 por ciento. En el hemograma de ingreso se encontró leucopenia en el 50 por ciento de casos, y desviación izquierda en el 72.7 por ciento. No se presentaron casos de leucocitosis. Se encontró alteración en las pruebas de bioquímica hepática en el 80.2 por ciento, y en el sedimiento de orina en el 14.1 por ciento de pacientes. las aglutinaciones muestran solo un 34 por ciento de positividad. El tratamiento instalado fué de cloranfenicol en el 72.9 por ciento de casos, con una sensibilidad antibiótica de 98.7 por ciento. Con el tratamiento la caída de fiebre se produce en 4.9 días en promedio. Se presentaron recaídas en el 6.5 por ciento de los casos. Se presentaron como complicaciones un paciente con perforación intestinal, uno con hemorragia intestinal, una paciente con aborto retenido y tres pacientes con sacroileítis considerada reactiva, esta última complicación no reporta anteriormente. La mortalidad entre los pacientes fué cero


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Paratyphoid Fever/diagnosis , Salmonella paratyphi A , Chloramphenicol/therapeutic use , Paratyphoid Fever/complications , Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy , Peru , Retrospective Studies
10.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 6(1): 19-21, 1989.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-185021

ABSTRACT

El propósito del presente trabajo fue comprobar la acción de la ciprofloxacina en las infecciones tifo-paratíficas, evaluando su eficacia clínica y bacteriológica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage , Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy , Typhoid Fever/drug therapy
11.
s.l; UPCH. Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado; 1987. 69 p. ilus, tab. (PE-1953-1954).
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-107368

ABSTRACT

Se estudian 48 pacientes del Hospital Arzobispo Loayza (Lima) durante los años 1979 a 1986 con diagnóstico de fiebre paratifoidea confirmada con diferentes tipos de cultivo (hemo, mielo, bili, copro o urocultivo) positivos a S.paratyphi A,B o C. Hubo 44 pacientes del sexo femenino de enfermedad de 12.25 días. Los síntomas principales fueron sensación febril, cefalea, malestar general y anorexia presentes en más del 70 por ciento de casos; los signos clínicos: fiebre en 79.2 por ciento, dolor abdominal 39.6 por ciento, bradicardia relativa 36.8 por ciento, hepatomegalia 33.3 por ciento, esplenomegalia 6.3 por ciento y roseola tífica en 2 por ciento. El número de leucocitos estuvo dentro de límites normales en su mayoría, pero con desviación izquierda, 29 por ciento presentaron leucopenia y 18.7 por ciento leucocitosis; S. paratyphi A fue aislada en 71 por ciento de los casos, S.paratyphi B en 27 por ciento y ambas en 2 por ciento, el mielocultivo fue el procedimiento más sensible con 87.5 por ciento de positividad, siguiendo hemocultivo con 85.2 por ciento, bilicultivo con 75 por ciento, coprocultivo con 50 por ciento y finalmente urocultivo con 2.7 por ciento; las aglutinaciones al antígeno A y B respectivamente tuvieron sensibilidad del 18.2 por ciento y 35.7 por ciento y especificidad del 77 por ciento y 90.6 por ciento; los casos con falsos positivos a los antígenos O y H tíficos fueron más del 27 por ciento. Hubo focalización en 70.8 por ciento de los casos, siendo hepático (58.3 por ciento) el más frecuente. En 87.5 por ciento de los casos se utilizó terapia adecuada con cloramfenicol, cotrimoxazole, amoxicilina o ampicilina, siendo el cloramfenicol el antibiótico elegido con mayor frecuencia (69 por ciento)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Hospitalization , Paratyphoid Fever/diagnosis , Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy , Peru
12.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1986 Mar; 17(1): 119-24
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-31495

ABSTRACT

Pharmacokinetic properties of ceftriaxone, such as sustained tissue drug levels over 24 hours after a single injection; good penetration of the antibiotic into cells; significant biliary excretion as active unchanged compound and high potency against S. typhi, should make it possible to significantly shorten the treatment of typhoid fever. To test this hypothesis a pilot, open study was initiated. 17 adult patients suffering from uncomplicated typhoid or paratyphoid fever, documented by blood culture, were treated with 4g ceftriaxone once daily for three days (4 patients) or two days (15 patients). The cure rate of 17 assessable patients was 94.2% (one failure). One possible relapse was observed two months after treatment. It is to be noted that no patient in the study suffered from a severe form of the disease.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Ceftriaxone/blood , Female , Humans , Kinetics , Male , Middle Aged , Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy , Salmonella paratyphi A , Salmonella paratyphi B , Typhoid Fever/drug therapy
13.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 1(2): 89-99, oct. 1984. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-148469

ABSTRACT

Se estudian 666 casos de fiebre paratifoídea hospitalizados en nuestro servicio desde enero 1980 a abril 1984. Se describen características clínicas y de laboratorio así como su evolución y complicaciones. Se concluye que el cuadro clínico es muy similar a la Fiebre tífica tanto en su forma de presentación como evolución y complicaciones. Por lo tanto las medidas terapéuticas deben ser similares


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Paratyphoid Fever/epidemiology , Paratyphoid Fever/complications , Paratyphoid Fever/diagnosis , Paratyphoid Fever/drug therapy
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